Archive for the Politics Category

Interview with the Prefect of Oruro / Entrevista con el Prefecto de Oruro

Posted in Audio, Bolivia, Politics on 30 June, 2008 by ColinBrooks

Prefecto de Oruro, Alberto Aguilar, en la mina de Huanuni

Prefect Alberto Aguilar (L), during a visit to Huanuni Mine, Oruro

Durante nuestra visita a la mina de Huanuni en el Departamento de Oruro, DeCamino tuvo la oportunidad de charlar con el Prefecto Alberto Aguilar, perteneciente al Movimiento Al Socialismo (MAS) que nos comentó su opinión sobre el referéndum revocatorio de su mandato así como el de los Prefectos del resto de Departamentos y del propio Presidente, Evo Morales, que se llevará a cabo en agosto.

Escuchar entrevista: prefecto-oruro-rr1

The audio is only in Spanish; a summary in English can be read below:

During our visit to Huanuni Mine in the Department of Oruro, DeCamino had the opportunity to talk with the Prefect of Oruro, Alberto Aguilar of Movement Towards Socialism (MAS), who told us his opinion about the Referendum to revoke his mandate along with the prefects of the other departments and the President, Evo Morales, which will be held in August.


Prefect Alberto Aguilar: ‘Well, it will depend if they (the Prefects of the opposition) accept it (the Referendum) or not because now they are ‘wimping out’…They went to the UN asking for a referendum to revoke the President’s mandate. The President was brave and accepted [...] and now they have problems. They are blaming Tuto (Leader of opposition party PODEMOS) for not speaking with the prefects. Now they are getting cold feet because they don’t want the referendum. Probably they have noticed that part of the results of the polls about their (autonomous) statutes were fraudulent and they have realized that in the referendum they are going to lose their mandates [...] and they are trying everything possible to impose a judicial and economic boycott.’

DeCamino: I think you were at the launch of the referendum campaign with the President. How did he seem? Is he motivated?
Prefect Alberto Aguilar: ‘He is the president who travels most in the history of our country. He knows the people. He feels that he will receive more than the 54% of the vote (he achieved in the last election). He is really motivated and he has taken a brave decision to go to the referendum and let the people decide if we stay or go’

DeCamino: And the about people, what do you think?
Prefect Alberto Aguilar: ‘I think people consider him as the leader, the president of the poor, marginalized and humble people and that support is going to be constant and will help him to increase his legitimate lead.’

DeCamino: Your mandate as Prefect is also up for grabs, how do you feel?

Prefect Alberto Aguilar: ‘Well, Oruro has been the best prefecture Of 2007. Public investment has been 94.4%, which means that all the money we had available, we have spent on projects in rural communities, on roads, electricity, tourism. And I can see in two years and four months there are changes in Oruro, there is development. So it will be these communities who reciprocate by supporting their prefect.’

DeCamino: So are you confident?

Prefect Alberto Aguilar: Yes, I am really confident.

EVO LAUNCHES THE ‘YES’ CAMPAIGN / EVO LANZA LA CAMPAÑA DEL ‘SÍ’

Posted in Bolivia, Photo Diary, Politics on 25 June, 2008 by ColinBrooks

Waving flags bearing the colours of their country, their party and the checkered Whipala of the Andean Nations, supporters of the MAS (Movement towards Socialism) party greet Evo Morales during the launch of his ‘Evo Sí’ campaign.

The Bolivian president, along with the prefects of Bolivia’s 9 departments, will face a referendum to revoke their mandates in August. The referendum has been convened as a means of breaking the current political deadlock after dialogue failed between the president and opposition prefects.

Agitando banderas con los colores de su país, su partido y la cuadriculada Whipala de los Pueblos Andinos, seguidores del MAS (Movimiento al Socialismo) reciben con entusiasmo a Evo Morales durante el inicio de la campaña del ‘Sí’.

El presidente de Bolivia, junto con los prefectos de los 9 Departamentos del país, se enfrentarán a un referendum para revocar sus mandatos en agosto. El referendum ha sido convocado como una manera de salir de la difícil situación política que sufre el país después de que el diálogo entre el presidente y la oposición se rompiera.

Evo: Bolivia’s Winning President/ El Presidente Ganador de Bolivia

Posted in Articles, Bolivia, Politics, Sports on 14 June, 2008 by ColinBrooks

Evo jokes with spectators before the game

(English text below)

El Presidente Evo Morales es bien conocido como un entusiasta del fútbol. Morales empezó su carrera política como el Secretario de Deportes de su sindicato local de cocaleros. Ahora, a pesar de enfrentarse a su más duro reto como presidente – un referéndum que se realizará próximamente para la revocación de su mandato – aún tiene tiempo para un buen partido.

El martes 3 de Junio los residentes de Shinahota, Cochabamba, observaron las habilidades futbolísticas del Presidente en un partido sin pretensiones contra los trabajadores de la alcaldía del municipio. El Presidente se encontraba en la región para reunirse con cocaleros – Shinahota está en el centro del Chapare, una de las principales áreas de cultivo de coca en Bolivia. Durante la narco-dictadura del presidente Garcia Meza de principios de los ochenta, el derivado narcótico de la hoja de coca, la cocaína, era vendida abiertamente en el mercado del pueblo, pero más tarde la región se convirtió en el escenario de años de lucha de los cocaleros para resistir la política de coca cero de los noventa. Coca – un estimulante suave tradicionalmente masticado o servido como infusión – puede ahora ser cultivado legalmente en Bolivia, aunque bajo un estricto control; cada cocalero afiliado al sindicato tiene derecho a cultivar solamente un cato de coca (un pedazo de tierra que mide 40×40m), así ahora en el Chapare se respira tranquilidad. Evo creció como fuerza política siendo líder del sindicato cocalero durante los años de resistencia, y en Shinahota juega en casa. Su propio cato se encuentra al final de la carretera, y el campo de fútbol de Lauca Eñe – una cancha de cemento de fútbol sala protegida de las lluvias tropicales por un techo de aluminio – es el lugar donde Morales lanzó su campaña presidencial.

El equipo del Presidente – con la vestimenta de la selección nacional y el emblema del gobierno en el pecho – está formado por la escolta de seguridad presidencial, con Evo en posición de medio campo que abandona constantemente para atacar (prefiriendo el lado izquierdo del campo, claro). En el campo de fútbol, el Presidente parece relajado. Habla y bromea con sus compañeros de equipo y espectadores durante el calentamiento. Por supuesto, él es el centro de atención durante el partido, con un público de unas 200 personas aplaudiendo y festejando cada vez que llega al balón. A pesar de que el juego es fiero, nadie – y menos el Presidente – toma las cosas seriamente. En un momento del juego cuando intenta quitar el balón a su contrario cae pesadamente. El árbitro no le da ventaja a la Cabeza del Estado y el partido continúa. Evo aprovecha esto para hacerse el cómico, pidiendo a los espectadores que lo ayuden a levantarse, moviendo sus ojos con divertida incredulidad ante el delirio de todos antes de ponerse en pie riendo a carcajadas.

La escolta de seguridad de Evo asegura que practican fútbol cada semana como parte de su rutina para mantenerse en forma, así se ve como el equipo del Presidente domina el partido. Al final del primer tiempo, el marcador es 6-0. Sin embargo, el capitán de 48 años se encuentra visiblemente cansado por el ritmo agotador que imponen sus jóvenes compañeros de equipo. En la segunda parte el equipo contrario se esfuerza y marca dos goles, consiguiendo un fuerte aplauso, antes de que la escolta futbolística del Presidente vuelva a la acción. En los minutos finales del partido, el Líder de la Nación, corre por el lado derecho del campo y dispara a puerta superando al portero de la Alcaldía y marcando gol. Los niños corean “Evo, Evo” y el público aplaude más fuerte que nunca.

El marcador final es 12-2; una victoria convincente del equipo del Presidente. Sin embargo, volviendo al trabajo diario el Presidente se enfrenta a una fiera oposición; una alianza de Senadores de la Derecha y Prefectos determinados a acabar con él antes de que termine su mandato. La campaña del referéndum revocatorio empezó esta semana, y Evo, héroe en el campo de fútbol, necesitará una victoria en las urnas en agosto para aguantar el partido completo en el duro juego de la política boliviana.

President Evo Morales is well known as a football enthusiast. He started his political career as the Sports Secretary for his local union of cocaleros (coca growers). Now, despite facing his toughest challenge yet as President – an upcoming referendum calling for his mandate to be revoked – he still has time for the beautiful game.

On Tuesday June 3rd residents of Shinahota, Cochabamba, got a taste of the President’s football skills in a low-key match against local council workers. The President was in town for a meeting with regional cocaleros – Shinahota is in the heart of the Chapare, one of Bolivia’s main areas of coca cultivation. During President Garcia Meza’s narco-dictatorship of the early 1980s, coca’s narcotic derivative, cocaine, was dealt openly in the town market, and the region later became the scene of years of struggle as cocaleros resisted the zero-coca policy of the 1990s. Coca – a mild stimulant traditionally chewed or served as an infusion – can now be cultivated legally in Bolivia, albeit under strict control; each union affiliated cocalero is entitled to plant one cato (a plot of land measuring 40 x 40m) of coca, and the Chapare is now peaceful. Evo developed into a political force as a union leader during the years of resistance, and in Shinahota he is back on home turf. His own cato is just down the road, and the Lauca Eñe football ground – a concrete five-a-side pitch protected from tropical downpours by a corrugated metal roof – is the site from which he launched his presidential campaign.

The President’s team – dressed in the national strip with the Government emblem on the breast – is made up of presidential security guards, with Evo playing in an attacking midfield position (preferring the left wing, of course). On the football pitch, the President seems relaxed. He chats and jokes with team mates and spectators as he warms up prior to kick off. Unsurprisingly, he is the centre of attention throughout the game, with the crowd of 200 or so applauding and cheering every time he gets the ball. Although the competition is fierce, nobody – least of all the President – is taking things too seriously. At one point, misjudging a tackle, he falls heavily. The referee offers the Head of State no advantages and play continues. Evo takes the chance to play comic, calling on the crowd to help him up and rolling his eyes in mock-incredulity at their laughter before grinning and getting to his feet.

Evo’s security guards reportedly undertake weekly football practice as part of their fitness schedule, and the President’s team is by far the dominant side. By the end of the first half, they are 6 – 0 up. Their 48-year old captain, however, is visibly tired by the pace set by his younger team mates. In the second half, the opposition rally and score twice, prompting considerable applause, before the President’s footballing guards get back into gear. In the final minutes of the game, the Leader of the Nation, makes a run on the right side of the pitch and fires one past the Council Workers’ keeper. Young children chant “Evo, Evo” and the crowd cheer louder than ever.

The final score is 12 – 2; a convincing victory for the President’s team. Heading back to his day job, however, the President faces a far shrewder opposition; an alliance of right-wing senators and prefects who are determined to oust him before he completes his mandate. The referendum campaign started this week, and Evo, a hero on the football pitch, will be need a victory in the ballot boxes in August if he is to survive a full term in the far more ruthless game of Bolivian politics.

El Gran Cabildo Popular

Posted in Articles, Bolivia, Community, Multimedia, Politics on 23 May, 2008 by ColinBrooks

English text below…
El Gran Cabildo Popular. El Alto, Bolivia, 20 April 2008

El Alto es la ciudad ‘rebelde’ de Bolivia. Anteriormente un barrio pobre a las afueras de la ciudad de La Paz, que fue olvidado por consecutivos gobiernos hasta que se hizo demasiado grande para ser ignorado. Su población, inmigrantes Aymaras en su mayoría procedentes del Altiplano, depende de fuertes redes comunitarias en ausencia del apoyo del gobierno. El Alto es ahora una de las ciudades más grandes de Bolivia y un importante centro económico, pero su gente no ha olvidado la importancia de ser solidarios.

El 20 de abril de 2008, organizaciones comunitarias del Distrito Cuarto de El Alto convocó un Gran Cabildo Popular en protesta a los Estatutos de Autonomía propuestos por Rubén Costas, Prefecto del Departamento de Santa Cruz – parte de la ‘Media Luna’ – un grupo de departamentos orientales dirigidos por prefectos opuestos al Presidente Evo Morales. Estos Estatutos fueron vistos por muchos en El Alto y el occidente como un intento para formar un estado independiente.

El Cabildo, una mezcla entre manifestación y un mitin político, es una demostración de la solidaridad comunitaria por la que El Alto es famoso. A pesar del discurso agresivo por parte de los líderes políticos locales, quienes gritan amenazas de ‘muerte a los separatistas’ desde la pasarela, el grupo formado por 2-3.000 personas se muestra tranquilo. Los manifestantes agitan la bandera nacional boliviana y la Wipala, la bandera de las Naciones Andinas, o sostienen orgullosos los estandartes con el nombre de la vecindad a la que pertenecen, mientras niños juegan y ancianas hacen punto. Cabildos en El Alto no han sido siempre tan pacíficos; en octubre de 2003, bajo un gobierno menos tolerante a las protestas, la milicia abrió fuego a unos doscientos metros a una reunión similar. La masacre del ‘Octubre Negro’ sigue fresca en la memoria comunitaria de El Alto, y varios participantes llevan pancartas demandando que Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, presidente en aquel momento y que actualmente vive en los Estados Unidos, sea entregado a la justicia boliviana.

Entre gritos de ‘El Alto de pie, nunca de rodillas’, muñecos representando a Costas y Branko Marinkovich, el líder derechista del Comité Cívico de Santa Cruz, cuelgan de la pasarela. Los manifestantes aplauden, y luego silenciosa y espontáneamente se dispersan, volviendo orgullosos a sus vecindarios. Un grupo más ruidoso permanece. Una vez descolgados ‘Costas’ y ‘Marinkovich’ son golpeados, pateados y finalmente quemados; una forma de recordar que los Alteños se revelaron en el pasado, y que se sublevarán otra vez si las circunstancias lo requieren.

El Alto is Bolivia’s ‘rebel’ city. Formerly a slum suburb of La Paz, it was forgotten by consecutive governments until it became too big to be ignored. Its people, the vast majority Aymara migrants from the surrounding altiplano, relied on strong community networks in the absence of government support. El Alto is now Bolivia’s third largest city and an important economic centre, but its people have not forgotten the importance of solidarity.

On the 20th April 2008, community organisations in the 4th District of El Alto held a Gran Cabildo Popular in protest against the Autonomous Statutes proposed by Ruben Costas, Prefect of the eastern department of Santa Cruz – one of the ‘Media Luna’ (Half Moon) of eastern departments lead by prefects opposed to President Evo Morales. These Statutes were seen by many in El Alto and throughout the western highlands as an attempt to form a fledgling independent state.

The cabildo, a cross between a march and a grassroots political rally, is a demonstration of the community solidarity for which El Alto is renowned. Despite fighting talk from local political leaders, who shout threats of ‘death to the separatists’ from a footbridge, the 2-3,000 strong crowd is reserved. Demonstrators wave the Bolivian national flag and the checkered Wipala, the flag of Andean Nations, or stand staunchly behind banners announcing their neighbourhood association, while children play and elderly women sit knitting. Cabildos in El Alto have not always passed so peacefully; in October 2003, under a government less tolerant of protest, the military opened fire on a similar gathering a couple hundred metres down the road. The massacre of ‘Black October’ is still fresh in El Alto’s communal memory, and several demonstrators carry banners demanding that Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada, president at the time and currently living in the USA, be brought to justice in Bolivia.

Amid cries of ‘El Alto de pie, nunca de rodillas’ (El Alto on its feet, never on its knees), figures representing Costas and Branko Marinkovich, the leader of Santa Cruz’s right-wing Civic Committee, are hanged from the footbridge. The crowd applauds, and then silently and spontaneously disperses, neighbours marching proudly back to their barrios. A more boisterous group remains. Costas and Marinkovich are cut down, kicked and beaten, and set on fire; a physical reminder that Alteños have risen up in the past, and will rise up again should the circumstances require.

4 May, Referendum Day Santa Cruz

Posted in Bolivia, Multimedia, Politics on 7 May, 2008 by ColinBrooks

The audio is in Spanish. See below for an English translation.

Audio Only (Spanish):

Sólo Audio (Español):

referendumblokscript-mp3

Santa Cruz, the largest and wealthiest department in Bolivia, voted yesterday in a controversial referendum to ratify the statutes that will be the basis for governing the department as an autonomous region.

Bolivia’s leftist central government says that the poll, called by the Prefect of Santa Cruz, a fierce opponent of President Evo Morales, is unconstitutional and divisive.

On the eve of the referendum, communities loyal to the President blockaded main routes into the capital of Santa Cruz, refusing to let the Departmental Electoral Commission access the towns in the North and West of the province.

Despite confusion about the legality of the referendum, Cruzeños turned out in their thousands to vote in polling stations across the department.

Voting was largely peaceful throughout the day in most of the region. However, in the impoverished outlying suburbs of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, the departmental capital, two deaths were reported after skirmishes broke out between members of the Union Juvenil Cruzeñista, a group loyal to the Prefect, and local residents, largely poor immigrants from the Bolivian highlands who oppose the Autonomous Statutes.

Last night, as tensions simmered in the suburbs, there was an atmosphere of celebration in the main square of Santa Cruz de la Sierra. However, controversy remains. The Prefect of Santa Cruz, Ruben Costas, has claimed an overwhelming victory, with 85% voting in favour of the Statutes, while President Morales has dismissed this as not taking into account an estimated 40% abstention rate.

What is clear is that the people of Santa Cruz have expressed their desire greater autonomy. Whether the Autonomous Statutes ratified in today’s referendum will yield meaningful change, or, as critics fear, will simply exchange a centralist national government for an equally centralist departmental authority, remain to be seen.